| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 108.5

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 108.5 | The History Cooperative

Theodore Kornweibel, Jr. "Investigate Everything": Federal Efforts to Compel Black Loyalty during World War I. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 2002. Pp. x, 323. $39.95.
Contemporary events make Theodore Kornweibel, Jr.'s examination of the U.S. government's responses to concerns about domestic security during a time of external threat particularly important. Kornweibel focuses on how the government reacted to concerns about the possibility that African Americans would undermine the World War I mobilization against Germany because of their dissatisfaction with race relations at home—or, in the eyes of some government officials, because of the submissive nature of African Americans.	1
After an introduction to the bureaucratic structure of the government's investigatory apparatus, Kornweibel examines how the investigating agencies responded to fears and rumors of German infiltration of African-American communities, primarily in the South, and to failures by African-American men to register for the draft. The middle part of the book deals with investigations and prosecutions, mostly abortive, of prominent African-American publications and peace churches. Kornweibel then turns to investigations of aliens and potential spies who were somehow connected to the African-American community, concluding with a chapter on the army intelligence service and its role in promoting loyalty at training camps for African-American recruits.	. . .

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