| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 108.3

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 108.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Margaret C. Rung. Servants of the State: Managing Diversity and Democracy in the Federal Workforce, 1933–1953. Athens: University of Georgia Press. 2002. Pp. xiv, 271. $39.95.

Margaret C. Rung's labor history of U.S. federal employees from 1933 to 1953 illustrates well the complexities and contradictions of policies and practices governing civil service workers. Prodigiously researched, her book presents the federal government as employer through the eyes of U.S. presidents, their professional advisors, personnel managers, rank-and-file civil servants, as well as union and civil rights leaders. During those twenty years, Rung argues, federal employees faced idiosyncratic rules and regulations dictated by their managers. Workers' rights depended on managers' personnel philosophies and practices. For the most part, the federal managers were hostile to union representation for civil servants, even though workers in the private sector were winning collective bargaining rights. Federal managers promoted efficiency, loyalty, and productivity with new human-relations techniques while simultaneously investigating federal employees' political views and affiliations as a national security measure. Rung finds that rigid occupational race and sex segregation in federal jobs belied the civil service rhetoric of individual advancement for meritorious performance. . . .

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