| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 108.3

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 108.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Daniel J. Tichenor. Dividing Lines: The Politics of Immigration Control in America. (Princeton Studies in American Politics: Historical, International, and Comparative Perspectives.) Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2002. Pp. xii, 378. Cloth $65.00, paper $22.95.

Despite its central place in the nation's mythology, Americans' attitudes toward immigration have often been ambivalent. Reflecting this ambivalence, immigration policy has changed remarkably over the past two centuries. Allowing fairly open immigration before the 1880s, the United States shifted to an increasingly restrictive regime beginning with the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and culminating in the National Origins Act of 1924, which established quotas on the basis of "racial" desirability and drastically reduced immigration. From 1965 on, a series of measures brought back a relatively open immigration policy, although calls for restriction have persisted down to the present. Restrictive measures passed despite considerable opposition from ethnic organizations, the Catholic Church, and business. The more open legislation of the 1960s and later years overcame concerns with illegal immigration and the loss of jobs. Assuming the perspective of the "new institutionalists," political scientist Daniel J. Tichenor seeks to explain these dramatic shifts. Considering a wide range of factors, he emphasizes four interrelated elements in particular: the fragmentation of power and resulting institutional dynamism of the federal government, shifting coalitions that cut across partisan lines, the role of professional experts in developing and sustaining policy, and the force of international crises. . . .

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