| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 108.1

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 108.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Guadalupe San Miguel, Jr. Brown, Not White: School Integration and the Chicano Movement in Houston. (University of Houston Series in Mexican American Studies, number 3.) College Station: Texas A&M University Press. 2001. Pp. xiii, 283. $34.95.

In this fascinating study, Guadalupe San Miguel, Jr., continues his exploration of ethnic Mexicans' struggle with the American public education system by focusing on the checkered history of school desegregation in the sprawling, deeply segregated wards of Houston, Texas, in the early 1970s. San Miguel chronicles the convoluted developments surrounding a federal district court's May 1970 order to the Houston Independent School District (HISD) to desegregate its schools. An outgrowth of litigation stemming from the U.S. Supreme Court's landmark Brown vs. Topeka, Kansas Board of Education ruling in 1954, the district court's 1970 order provided an indication of just how long it took for the Supreme Court's federal mandate to be implemented in local school districts. San Miguel deftly shows how much local conditions had changed during that time. When the suit was filed by local African-American activists, soon after the Brown decision, desegregation in Houston primarily involved relationships between blacks and whites. By the 1970s, however, like other places in the American Southwest, the growth of the Mexican-origin and pan-Latino populations had introduced important new players into Houston's increasingly volatile political mix. This was the rub. . . .

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