| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 108.1

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 108.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Philip Massolin. Canadian Intellectuals, the Tory Tradition, and the Challenge of Modernity, 1939–1970. Buffalo, N.Y.: University of Toronto Press. 2001. Pp. x, 357. $60.00.

The words "conservative" and "liberal" mean different things to Canadians than to Americans. Through Canadian eyes, virtually all Americans are liberals: that is to say, stout believers in individual freedom. Those on the right, the self-styled "conservatives," look to us like classic or libertarian liberals; those on the left are reform or egalitarian liberals. The majority of Canadians are equally liberals, but north of the border two other ideologies can also claim legitimacy, though they are perpetually minoritarian. These are socialism and toryism. While divided on the issue of social hierarchy, tories and socialists share an abiding belief in community. To them, people are more than atomized individuals; they also exist collectively, as an organic or corporate entity. Although a socialist party has never governed Canada, leftist parties have gained power in provincial elections. By contrast, Tory governments have been commonplace, and the Conservative Party is one of the two historic parties of Canada. Wisely, in a majority-liberal population, this body has called itself first, the Liberal Conservative Party, and, more recently, the Progressive Conservative Party. In Canada, such monikers are not oxymorons. . . .

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