| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.3

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Comparative/World

Carmen Teresa Whalen. From Puerto Rico to Philadelphia: Puerto Rican Workers and Postwar Economies. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 2001. Pp. xiii, 309. Cloth $74.50, paper $24.95.

When Operation Bootstrap failed even to provide jobs for the agricultural workers displaced by its program of industrialization, the Puerto Rican commonwealth government, in concert with U.S. policy makers, turned to a two-pronged policy to solve what they saw as the problem of "overpopulation" between 1940 and 1970. According to Carmen Teresa Whalen's brilliantly conceptualized study, governmental programs of sterilization and migration to the United States were both "gender-based programs" (p. 49). In encouraging emigration, policy makers focused on Puerto Rican men primarily as agricultural contract labor, and on women initially as domestics. Migrants assessed the opportunities for themselves, however, and took advantage of their status as U.S. citizens to leave fields and households for the comparatively remunerative work available in industrial cities such as Philadelphia. . . .

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