| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.2

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.2 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Timothy James Lockley. Lines in the Sand: Race and Class in Lowcountry Georgia, 1750–1860. Athens: University of Georgia Press. 2001. Pp. xviii, 280. $45.00.

In this work on lowcountry Georgia, Timothy James Lockley assesses "the relationship between African Americans and those white people who did not own slaves" (p. xvi) by examining social contacts, economic networks, criminal encounters, and shared religious experiences. Rejecting the longstanding argument that racism and white solidarity formed an insuperable barrier that united whites, slaveholders and nonslaveholders, against African Americans, Lockley argues that lowcountry nonelite whites (nonslaveholders) interacted with African Americans in a variety of complex ways, at times to the dismay of the elite. Furthermore, the author states that the history of social contacts between lowcountry nonelite whites and African Americans contradicts the theories that race shaped whites' behavior toward African Americans and that poorer whites were the most race conscious of all. 1

Lockley devotes more time to economic interaction between lowcountry nonelite whites and African Americans than he does to the other topics. He discusses the growth of independent production by slaves in the lowcountry, marketing strategies slaves employed, and slaves' subsequent development of trading relationships with white shopkeepers (nonslaveholders) before shifting to trading on Sunday, the major issue dividing whites in Savannah. Agitation over this issue led to a split in ranks as the elite refused to change the work schedule of their slaves to accommodate opponents of trading on Sunday and shopkeepers (nonslaveholders) refused to stop purchasing from slaves on whom they depended for working capital. Shopkeepers, moreover, were willing to forego racial ties with the elite for economic gain, and the elite was powerless to prevent economic cooperation between nonslaveholders and slaves. . . .

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