| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.1

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Ronald R. Krebs. Dueling Visions: U.S. Strategy toward Eastern Europe under Eisenhower. (Foreign Relations and the Presidency, number 7.) College Station: Texas A&M University Press. 2001. Pp. xvi, 171. $29.95.

In this study of the Eisenhower administration's approach to Eastern Europe, Ronald R. Krebs begins by contrasting the Republican rhetoric of liberation during the campaign of 1952 with the reality that, throughout the 1950s, the United States repeatedly "found itself powerless to shape the course of events in Eastern Europe" (p. xi) . His exploration of what "liberation" meant leads Krebs to conclude that two different visions of Eastern Europe competed for primacy within the Eisenhower administration. One approach, which he refers to as "Finlandization," envisioned an Eastern Europe developing along lines similar to Finland, a country with a democratic form of government which nonetheless fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and followed the Soviet line on foreign policy. Support for Finlandization came from the State Department and, in particular, from John Foster Dulles, the arch-rhetorician of liberation. The other model, which Krebs calls rollback, enjoyed support from the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Central Intelligence Agency. This approach, which more closely matched the public's understanding of liberation, endorsed the use of a wide variety of means, including everything from radio broadcasts and cultural contacts to covert paramilitary operations, to erode Soviet influence in Eastern Europe. Its ultimate objective was the establishment of democratic countries free from Soviet domination. . . .

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