| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.1

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Samuel C. Shepherd, Jr. Avenues of Faith: Shaping the Urban Religious Culture of Richmond, Virginia, 1900–1929. (Religion and American Culture.) Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. 2001. Pp. xii, 414. $44.95.

This exhaustively detailed work recounts the social and intellectual history of mainline white Protestantism in the thriving southern urban center of Richmond, Virginia, early in the twentieth century. Samuel C. Shepherd, Jr., focuses on the six major mainline white denominations: Baptists, Presbyterians, Methodists, Episcopalians, Disciples of Christ, and (very briefly) Lutherans. The work unfortunately largely ignores African Americans, except for a portion of one chapter that shows how Richmond's white Protestants mostly espoused kindly (if largely ineffectual) sentiments toward "the Negro" and rhetorically denounced some of the more vicious examples of racism early in the century. At the same time, few raised any protest against the imposition of Jim Crow, and only one minister (M. Ashby Jones, later to be active in the Commission on Interracial Cooperation) even took note of the disfranchisement of black voters. Richmond's Protestant progressivism apparently fit C. Vann Woodward's damning catchphrase, "for whites only." . . .

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