| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.1

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 107.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Renate Wilson. Pious Traders in Medicine: A German Pharmaceutical Network in Eighteenth-Century North America. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. 2000. Pp. xiv, 258. $37.50.

The title of this handsomely produced book by Renate Wilson highlights an important but much neglected component of the charity practice of the Francke Foundations in North America from 1730 to 1810. Seeding the American mission field with ministers, medicines, and Bibles was an expression of the success of the philanthropic enterprise that August Hermann Francke established in Halle, Germany, in the beginning of the eighteenth century and also a contribution to its lasting reputation. Halle's transatlantic trade in medications and books constitutes the major focus of the study. 1

The book is divided in two parts, reflecting the German and American sides of the endeavor. The first half deals with the innovations that characterized the Francke Foundations' philanthropy. It outlines the Protestant evangelical reform of the late seventeenth century that provided the underpinning of Francke's visionary entrepreneurship and also the bond among ministers and laymen and women who formed the Halle Pietist networks along which information flowed and with whose help charitable contributions were collected and distributed. If Francke's ways of gaining the support of the country's ruler and other patrons for building and expanding the orphanage were new and audacious (chapter one), the role of novel, "gentle" medicine and medications as crucial elements in the complex financial structure of the foundations that occurred primarily under his successors was similarly unusual and venturesome (chapters two and three). The exploration of how the Halle Orphanage medicines were first developed, tested, and used locally and then manufactured and marketed for worldwide distribution is the central theme of the book. . . .

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