| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 106.3

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 106.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

W. Todd Groce. Mountain Rebels: East Tennessee Confederates and the Civil War, 1860–1870. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. 1999. Pp. xviii, 218. $40.00.

East Tennessee and northwestern Virginia were the two most disaffected regions within the seceding states. Because the Ohio River and its tributaries linked trans-Allegheny Virginia with neighboring Ohio and Pennsylvania rather than with Old Virginia, geography predisposed the future state of West Virginia toward the Union side. East Tennessee cannot be so neatly pigeonholed. Separated from the western two-thirds of the state by the rugged Cumberland Plateau, it was a region apart. In the 1850s, however, new railroads drew East Tennessee closer to Virginia, Georgia, and the lower Mississippi Valley. By 1858, a rail corridor through East Tennessee connected Knoxville and Chattanooga to Richmond, Atlanta, and Memphis. If geography is destiny, one would expect to find growing trade ties between East Tennessee and the slave South, along with a more pro-Southern orientation in the heretofore isolated uplands. 1

W. Todd Groce demonstrates that East Tennessee did, to a considerable degree, follow the above script. Commercial agriculture surged in the 1850s, as buyers in distant markets snapped up the region's growing output of high-quality wheat and flour. Its scenery and climate also attracted Deep South planters and their families to upland mountain resorts, notably Montvale Springs in Blount County. The rising commercial elite in East Tennessee began to hobnob with summer visitors from the lowlands and to adopt their outlook. . . .

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