| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 106.3

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 106.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Asia

David D. Wang. Under the Soviet Shadow: The Yining Incident; Ethnic Conflicts and International Rivalry in Xinjiang, 1944–1949. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press. 1999. Pp. viii, 577. $32.00.

Xinjiang, the "New Territory" incorporated into China's administrative map during the early Qing period, has long been a contested ground of ethnic conflict and international rivalry. Located in the far northwest of China, neighboring India and Tibet to its south and the former Soviet Central Asia republics to its north, Xinjiang is populated by mainly Muslim Uighurs and Kazaks, among others. And yet, the Han Chinese have been in control since 1911, when the Manchu dynasty was overthrown. During the heyday of imperialist territorial scrambles in the nineteenth century, Xinjiang was sandwiched by the encroaching powers of tsarist Russia in the north and the British Empire in the south. 1

In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917, Xinjiang became a part of the frontier of V. I. Lenin's regime against White Russians and foreign interventionists. When Joseph Stalin consolidated his power in the 1930s, he was determined to have a firm grip on Xinjiang and Outer Mongolia as a buffer zone and a springboard vis-à-vis potentially hostile forces in China, whether the pro-Western Jiang Jieshi regime of the Guomindang (GMD) or the invading Japanese. That was why Stalin prepared to deliver massive military assistance to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), which was instructed to occupy China's northwest in conjunction with Xinjiang and Outer Mongolia. . . .

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