| Book Review | The American Historical Review, .

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Book Review

Canada and the United States

Lillian Serece Williams. Strangers in the Land of Paradise: The Creation of an African American Community, Buffalo, New York, 1900–1940. (Blacks in the Diaspora.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 1999. Pp. xvii, 273. $49.95.

Over the past two decades, several works have enhanced our understanding of the lives of African Americans in northern cities during the "Great Migration." James R. Grossman's Land of Hope: Chicago, Black Southerners and the Great Migration (1989) and Joe W. Trotter's Black Milwaukee: The Making of an Industrial Proletariat, 1915–45 (1985) are among the studies that have illuminated the process of black urbanization during the early twentieth century. Lillian Serece Williams's book is a worthy addition to this literature. Williams's study of Buffalo's small black community—despite the Great Migration blacks represented less than one percent of the population in 1925—shifts attention away from the exceptional cases such as Chicago and Detroit to a more typical example of black urbanization. 1

The first section of the book provides an in-depth social history of black Buffalo. Because the black population in the nineteenth century was insubstantial, residents were free to move about the city and to develop economic and social institutions without restrictions. However, the migration of southern blacks in the early 1900s changed race relations in Buffalo. The growing black population caused whites to establish informal restrictions that segregated blacks in specific neighborhoods and limited their employment options. . . .

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