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Book Review

Canada and the United States

Charles K. Hyde. Copper for America: The United States Copper Industry from Colonial Times to the 1990s. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. 1998. Pp. xvii, 267. $40.00.

Copper, as the second major metal industry in the United States for most of its history, has not always received the attention it deserves. General histories of technology give it little mention, and regional and corporate histories offer limited and uneven perspectives. What has been missing is a comprehensive study of the industry establishing a context for an appreciation of its relativec importance. Charles K. Hyde's book addresses that omission, examining "the economic and business histories of the producing companies, including the careers of their leaders; the evolving technologies of mining, concentrating, smelting, and refining; and the development of global copper production and consumption . . . (and) the impact of the varying forces that influenced the development of the copper industry" (pp. xvi-xvii). 1

The evolution of the American copper industry was both regional and chronological, and Hyde organizes his treatment accordingly. Chapter one, "Foundations," begins the story with the earliest colonial mines and follows the sporadic developments in the east down to the 1840s. By then, the opening up of the Upper Michigan-Lake Superior high-grade ore bodies was under way (chapter two). The evolution of the companies through their peak production period—during twenty-five of the thirty-four years between 1847 and 1880, for example, Michigan mines produced more than three-quarters of U.S. output (p. 66)—into their decline by 1920 is documented in chapter three. . . .

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