| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 106.1

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 106.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Cassandra Tate. Cigarette Wars: The Triumph of "The Little White Slaver." New York: Oxford University Press. 1999. Pp. vi, 204. $29.95.

Cassandra Tate's examination of the "triumph" of cigarette use in early twentieth-century America is a compelling work of cultural history. Better than any other scholar to date, she highlights the frenzied attempts by various reformers to rid society of what Henry Ford once termed the "little white slaver" through prohibition schemes before and after World War I. Readers who think the current antitobacco impulse is simply a modern reaction to health reports emanating from the federal government since 1964 and that tobacco usage has been passively accepted since the introduction of mass-produced cigarettes, may be surprised to learn of a concerted effort to prohibit cigarettes beginning in the 1890s that had some remarkable results. 1

The bulk of Tate's research concerns the efforts of the little-known Anti-Cigarette League, formed in 1899, which undertook a campaign to outlaw cigarettes in a way that parallels the better-known work of the temperance movement. In fact, as Tate demonstrates, many leading members of this league were also members of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). Their methods and motivations were also similar. Crusaders such as Lucy Page Gaston, Frances Willard, and David Starr Jordan saw cigarette consumption as a moral outrage that destroyed the minds and reputations of millions of "cigarette fiends" and even suggested the unheard-of notion that cigarettes were unhealthy and, perhaps, deadly. . . .

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