| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 106.1

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 106.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

David M. Pletcher. The Diplomacy of Trade and Investment: American Economic Expansion in the Hemisphere, 1865–1900. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. 1998. Pp. ix, 458. $44.95.

David M. Pletcher provides a detailed examination of American international trade and investment in the Western Hemisphere during the late nineteenth century. Although trade with Europe dominated America's economic statistics, he points out that American promotion of economic expansion focused more on non-European countries, especially continental neighbors. As the desire to annex territory in Canada and Mexico or islands in the Caribbean declined throughout the late nineteenth century, economic connections became of correspondingly greater importance. Even so, Pletcher stresses that the United States's outward thrust was unsystematic, halting, and continually subject to fierce public and legislative debates—elaborating the argument of his The Awkward Years: American Foreign Relations under Garfield and Arthur (1962). Some business groups worried about overproduction and sought new markets, but many others were protectionist. Similarly, partisan divisions and weak leadership in both Congress and the executive branch precluded any unified policy of commercial expansion. . . .

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