| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 105.4

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 105.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Comparative/World

Thomas W. Zeiler. Free Trade, Free World: The Advent of GATT. (The Luther Hartwell Hodges Series on Business, Society, and the State.) Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 1999. Pp. xii, 267. $39.95.

Thomas W. Zeiler's theme is the inappropriateness of declarations of adherence to general principles of world trade as an instrument of post-1945 international reconstruction or of U.S. hegemony. Before summer 1947 and the announcement of the Marshall Plan, U.S. foreign commercial policy was dominated by a Wilsonian confusion of morality with the real practice of international trade. This confusion was most apparent in the attempt by the State Department to obtain worldwide agreement to the Chapter of the International Trade Organization (ITO) with its ringing approval of multilaterally agreed open markets and disapproval of "discrimination." By "discrimination" was mainly meant the preferential tariffs on trade between the United Kingdom, some Commonwealth countries, and some British colonies. Fortunately for the U.S. and the world, Zeiler concludes, the ITO with its grand multilateral vision proved unnegotiable, bequeathing to the world only the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which became a forum for proposed bilateral tariff bargains that, if all went well, could be multilaterialized. His book traces the steps to this more useful outcome. . . .

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