| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 104.4

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 104.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Charles P. Hanson. Necessary Virtue: The Pragmatic Origins of Religious Liberty in New England. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. 1998. Pp. x, 277. $35.00.

In this book, Charles P. Hanson argues that although anti-Catholicism was a hallmark of New England society, the circumstances of war were instrumental in creating a cultural "space in which previously marginalized ideas about religious toleration could circulate" (p. 21) and religious liberty could emerge. Essential to this argument is the way in which the confluence of interest produced strange alliances within North America. The Quebec Act, for example, created interesting political bedfellows. For French Canadian elites, the act seemed the best means for furthering the ambitions of seigneurs by making possible their holding of colonial office, while to Bishop Jean-Olivier Briand, who got along well with Guy Carleton, it was a means for preserving the Roman Catholic Church. For New Englanders, it hearkened back to their traditional prejudices and raised the specter of creeping imperial papism and tyranny. When the war broke out, Patriots reversed their position and had to explain how dependence on Catholics was consistent with their crusade for liberty, while Briand and other French Canadian elites moved quickly from being accomodationists to becoming active supporters of the empire. . . .

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