| Book Review | The Western Historical Quarterly, 34.4

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| Book Review | The Western Historical Quarterly, 34.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Prayer on Top of the Earth: The Spiritual Universe of the Plains Apaches. By Kay Parker Schweinfurth. (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2002. xxix + 239 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $29.95.)

Known familiarly as Kiowa-Apaches, this tribe of American Indians—who today prefer to be called Plains Apaches or simply Apaches—has been expertly depicted by Schweinfurth in this comprehensive ethnographic study based on the forty-plus-years-old field notes of her mentor, anthropologist William Bittle (p. xvii). She reviews, early in the book, the tribe's history, starting in approximately 1541, when the earliest extant written records are descriptions by Coronado's chroniclers. A caveat warns that accounts by Europeans of this tribe may be mistaken due to the inability of the newcomers to exactly identify members of the tribe (p. 13). White encroachment was a factor from 1835–1867, and probably caused this small tribe, numbering only four to five hundred, to camp near or affiliate with a larger tribe for protection. Hence, the name Kiowa-Apaches. As a signer of the Treaty of Medicine Lodge in October 1867, the Apaches ceded all their lands, were united with the Kiowas and Comanches, and were assigned a reservation.

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