| Book Review | The Western Historical Quarterly, 33.2

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| Book Review | The Western Historical Quarterly, 33.2 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Noble, Wretched, & Redeemable: Protestant Missionaries to the Indians in Canada and the United States, l820–1900. By C. L. Higham. (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2000. viii + 283 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $39.95.)

"Brother, the Great Spirit has made us all; but he has made a great difference between his white and red children," Seneca chief Red Jacket once informed a visiting missionary to New York's Buffalo Creek reservation. "[W]hy may we not conclude that he has given us a different religion according to our understanding. . . . Brother, we do not wish to destroy your religion, or take it from you; we only want to enjoy our own" (quoted in Anthony F. C. Wallace, The Death and Rebirth of the Seneca, New York, 1972, pp. 205-6). Christians, nevertheless, continued proselytizing across the North American frontier, and for four centuries they helped shape relations between Indians and non-Indians. Missionaries mattered. They dwelt among aboriginal peoples, studied their languages, and spread the Gospel—albeit with limited success. Protestant and Catholic evangelists taught thousands of Native children in rustic schoolhouses as part of a "civilization" program endorsed by the Canadian and American governments. Using their hard-won, firsthand knowledge, missionaries also interpreted exotic aboriginal cultures for eastern audiences and influenced the thinking of federal policymakers. . . .

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