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NOTES AND DOCUMENTS
Solving the Mystery of the Junto's Missing Member: John Jones, Shoemaker
| Early Americanists have long counted the Junto as one of the shaping influences of Benjamin Franklin's early life. Enumerating the club's influence on Franklin's ideas and career, they have noted that the Junto was the first of many civic organizations Franklin founded; it was his first organized outlet for forays into natural philosophy and community planning. The Junto was the locus from which Franklin and his fellows created America's first public library, first transcolonial scholarly organization, and a host of other accomplishments.1 |
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Ironically, one of the remaining mysteries of the club's story has been a question of numbers. Writing in 1771, Franklin noted the names of ten of his fellows who joined him to form the Junto:
The first Members were Joseph Brientnal, a Copyer of Deeds for the Scriveners; a good-natur'd friendly middle-ag'd Man, a great Lover of Poetry, reading all he could meet with, and writing some that was tolerable; very ingenious in many little Nicknackeries, and of sensible Conversation. Thomas Godfrey, a self-taught Mathematician, great in his Way, and afterwards Inventor of what is now call'd Hadley's Quadrant. But he knew little out of his way, and was not a pleasing Companion, as like most Great Mathematicians I have met with, he expected unusual Precision in every thing said, or was forever denying or distinguishing upon Trifles, to the Disturbance of all Conversation. He soon left us. Nicholas Scull, a Surveyor, afterwards Surveyor-General, Who lov'd Books, and sometimes made a few Verses. William Parsons, bred a Shoemaker, but loving Reading, had acquir'd a considerable Share of Mathematics, which he first studied with a View to Astrology that he afterwards laught at. He also became Surveyor General. William Maugridge, a Joiner, a most exquisite Mechanic and a solid sensible Man. Hugh Meredith, Stephen Potts, and George Webb, I have Characteris'd before. Robert Grace, a young Gentleman of some Fortune, generous, lively and witty, a Lover of Punning and of his Friends. And William Coleman, then a Merchant's Clerk, about my Age, who had the coolest clearest Head, the best Heart, and the exactest Morals, of almost any Man I ever met with. He became afterwards a Merchant of great Note, and one of our Provincial Judges: Our Friendship continued without Interruption to his Death upwards of 40 Years.2
Yet when Franklin resumed his autobiographical account in 1788 he was careful to state that the Junto had twelve members and that he pushed his fellow members to keep their club at that number:
Our Club, the Junto, was found so useful, and afforded such Satisfaction to the Members, that several were desirous of introducing their Friends, which could not well be done without exceeding what we had settled as a convenient Number, viz. Twelve. We had from the Beginning made it a Rule to keep our Institution a Secret, which was pretty well observ'd. The Intention was, to avoid Applications of improper Persons for Admittance, some of whom perhaps we might find it difficult to refuse. I was one of those who were against any Addition to our Number, but instead of it made in writing a Proposal, that every Member separately should endeavour to form a subordinate Club, with the same Rules respecting Queries, &c. and without informing them of the Connexion with the Junto.3
Was it a mathematical error overlooked in a document famous for its oversights? Or did a twelfth man join the artisans and shopkeepers who gathered each Friday night to discuss local events and personal careers in early eighteenth-century Philadelphia? If so, who was the Junto's mystery member? |
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