| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 95.4

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 95.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Citizen Employers: Business Communities and Labor in Cincinnati and San Francisco, 1870–1916. By Jeffrey Haydu. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008. xii, 268 pp. $39.95, ISBN 978-0-8014-4641-2.)

The story of how workers acquired a greater sense of class consciousness and developed mechanisms to advance their class interests has been well examined by historians of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century America. However, scholars have paid much less attention to the process by which class formation occurred within the business community during that critical period. In tracing the emergence of a distinct class identity among businesses, Jeffrey Haydu seeks not only to identify the structural factors that influenced the process but also to explore the construction of "social hierarchies and civic identities" that employers used to establish their influence in both the civic and workplace arenas (p. 113). He chose Cincinnati and San Francisco as case studies to illuminate how the business community's achievement of class cohesion assumed distinctive forms.

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