| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 94.4

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 94.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Jesus Is Female: Moravians and the Challenge of Radical Religion in Early America. By Aaron Spencer Fogleman. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007. x, 330 pp. $49.95, ISBN 978-0-8122-3992-8.)
Aaron Spencer Fogleman's bold book claims that Moravians embraced feminized and erotic religion, which the mixed multitude of Penn's Woods violently rejected. From this assertion, Fogleman argues that claims of religious freedom in early America are overrated.	1
Critical to Fogleman's thesis is his belief that Moravians developed a countercultural understanding of gender by allowing women to preach and by elaborating a feminized understanding of the Trinity. In Fogleman's description of Moravianism, the Holy Spirit was the mother of Jesus, and God the Son hung on the cross with a vagina-like side wound that gave life and provided warmth, protection, and sensual pleasure to believers. As Count Nicholas von Zinzendorf, the Moravian leader, remarked, "his side is the womb in which my spirit was conceived and carried" (p. 77).	. . .

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