| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 92.4

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 92.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Head Masters: Phrenology, Secular Education, and Nineteenth-Century Social Thought. By Stephen Tomlinson. (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2005. xviii, 437 pp. $47.50, ISBN 0-8173-1439-3.)

Even those with just a superficial knowledge of European and American history are probably aware that some reformers and social theorists in the early nineteenth century took an interest in the bumps on people's heads. These dilettantes associate phrenology with diagrams of the cranium and primitive ideas about the development in humans of their mental and moral faculties. But as Stephen Tomlinson demonstrates, it was much more than that. Phrenology was a complex ideology designed to reconcile the mind and the body. It sought to explain human development, shape human behavior, and provide a theoretical basis for both special and mass education.

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