| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 91.3

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 91.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Carlos Montezuma, M.D., A Yavapai American Hero: The Life and Times of an American Indian, 1866–1923. By Leon Speroff. (Portland, Ore.: Arnica, 2003. x, 549 pp. $34.95, ISBN 0-9726535-4-6.)

In Arizona in 1871, Pima Indian raiders captured a Yavapai boy named Wassaja and sold him to Carlo Gentile, an Italian photographer. Gentile renamed the boy Carlos Montezuma, took him east, and, in 1878, gave him over to be raised by a Baptist minister in Illinois. Montezuma eventually became a medical doctor and worked on several Indian reservations in the West from 1889 to 1893 before developing a private practice in Chicago. Impoverished reservation conditions and Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) bureaucracy convinced Montezuma that the reservation system held Indians in "'bondage'" and "'stunted'" their progress (passim). Indians, he believed, should follow his example and assimilate into white society. Toward that end, he gave numerous speeches, including one titled "Let My People Go"; published a newsletter calling for BIA and reservation abolition; and helped found the Society of American Indians.

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