| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 89.4

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 89.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

South Carolina and the New Deal. By Jack Irby Hayes Jr. (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2001. xvi, 290 pp. $34.95, ISBN 1-57003-399-4.)

In the early twentieth century, few states were as impoverished or as tradition-bound as South Carolina. Severely stricken by the Great Depression, the state invites a case study of the New Deal's impact in the South. Jack Irby Hayes Jr. undertakes this by surveying federal programs in the state and evaluating South Carolinians' responses to them, both locally and in Washington. He concludes that, although some programs did substantial good and helped lay the groundwork for change, the real modernization of South Carolina occurred during and after World War II. 1

Hayes maintains that South Carolinians helped shape the New Deal in Congress, citing their voting records as evidence. Except for Sen. Ellison D. Smith, the state's congressional delegation supported the New Deal in its first four years. Hayes identifies Sen. James F. Byrnes as an early administration spokesman, although it is a bit of a stretch to claim that "no individual member of Congress was more significant in . . . erecting" the New Deal. In time the delegation's support for the administration decreased. Hayes locates their transition not during the "Second Hundred Days" of 1935, but in 1937, on the issues of Court packing and the minimum wage. The 1938 primary election is covered in detail, but without any analysis of Franklin D. Roosevelt's decision to target Smith for the "purge." . . .

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