| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 89.3

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 89.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Americans All!: Foreign-Born Soldiers in World War I. By Nancy Gentile Ford. (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2001. xiv, 194 pp. $32.95, ISBN 1-58544-118-X.)

World War I followed a period of unusually heavy immigration to the United States from Europe, especially its eastern and southern countries. When America entered the war in 1917 and instituted a draft to recruit men for its army, almost a half million—nearly one in five—were foreign-born. Most were limited in their comprehension of English, and perhaps a quarter were functionally illiterate, even in their native tongues. Government officials quickly recognized that difficult problems of language and culture had to be confronted. 1

In this welcome study, Nancy Gentile Ford analyzes how the military cooperated with Progressive reformers and ethnic group leaders to form policies that blended concerns for "Americanization" with respect for immigrant cultures. In Ford's judgment, the training and treatment of foreign-born soldiers was not a case of forced assimilation but instead reflected a desire to produce a dual identity that harmonized ethnic pride with loyalty to American ideals. . . .

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