| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 89.3

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 89.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

World War II and the American Indian. By Kenneth William Townsend. (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2000. xii, 272 pp. $35.00, ISBN 0-8263-2038-4.)

If, as many believe, World War II is the twentieth-century event that had the greatest impact on American Indians, it is remarkable that the topic escaped scholarly attention for so long. Laurence Hauptman was the first to deal with the topic in 1986 in his wonderful book on the Iroquois. In 1991 Alison Bernstein published a book on American Indians and the war, and Jere' Bishop Franco followed suit in 1999. Those scholars now are joined by Kenneth William Townsend, author of the recently published World War II and the American Indian. 1

While all three scholars deal with such issues as the draft, military service, wartime employment, and postwar events, there are differences in approach and focus so that each makes a useful contribution to our knowledge of this subject. Those differences are reflected in the primary sources used by each author, and Townsend makes effective use of the serial Indians at Work, a Bureau of Indian Affairs publication that served as an effective vehicle for John Collier to express his views and to promote his program. Townsend places greater emphasis on Indian Commissioner Collier than do the other authors; that emphasis provides a unifying theme for the book while also providing new insights into Collier's personality and policies. The result is a much less appealing portrayal of the New Deal Indian commissioner. . . .

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