| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 88.1

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 88.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Disloyal Mothers and Scurrilous Citizens: Women and Subversion during World War I. By Kathleen Kennedy. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999. xx, 170 pp. $27.95, ISBN 0-253-33565-5.)

Kathleen Kennedy's carefully researched, well-written account of the circumstances surrounding the prosecution of several women under the Espionage Act of 1917 of the wartime emergency laws of World War I provides a window both onto the actions of the United States Left and onto how societal expectations surrounding gender and women's roles affected those women's perceptions of themselves as political actors. By telling a few stories well, Kennedy effectively unfolds a map of the nation's wartime political geography that reveals a terrain crisscrossed by intersecting lines of patriarchy, status anxiety, nativism, patriotism, and antiradicalism. In attempting to exercise rights and assert their political selves, the women Kennedy profiles were caught up in larger issues having to do with society's reading of appropriate gender roles and its deep fears regarding the war. Such disparate figures as Kate Richards O'Hare and Emma Goldman were "charged with corrupting women's roles as social mothers," failing to produce and train (male) citizens by inciting resistance to the war and the draft. . . .

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