| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 87.1

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 87.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Cigarette Wars: The Triumph of "The Little White Slaver." By Cassandra Tate. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. viii, 204 pp. $29.95, isbn 0-19-511851-0.)

At a time when even tobacco manufacturers are willing to admit the addictive quality of nicotine, Cassandra Tate demonstrates convincingly that culture, not physiology, determines who smokes and who abstains. Drawing on a wide range of evidence—novels, newspaper accounts, jokes and songs, legal ordinances, and archival sources—the book analyzes the cigarette's place in American culture from 1890 to 1930. 1

Tate examines the first anticigarette crusade, which she argues was first spawned and then undercut by Progressive Era reform impulses. Part of a larger reform movement, the first nationwide petition to outlaw the sale and manufacture of cigarettes was conducted in 1892 by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and the leader and many members of the Anti-Cigarette League of America, formed in 1899, had first worked for temperance. 2

Lucy Page Gaston, founder and president of the Anti-Cigarette League, attracted three hundred thousand members to it, including physicians, businessmen, religious leaders, and educators. Organizations such as the Salvation Army and the ymca (Young Men's Christian Association) also joined the drive to ban cigarettes, but, Tate shows, not for the medical reasons that became popular later. Instead, these groups believed cigarettes were immoral and that their use led to even more immoral behavior—drinking, narcotics use, promiscuity. . . .

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