Reviewed by Ollie Johnson | Reviews | Journal of American Ethnic History, 27.1

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Reviewed by Ollie Johnson | Reviews | Journal of American Ethnic History, 27.1 | The History Cooperative

Reviews

*Race and Multiraciality in Brazil and the United States: Converging Paths?* By G. Reginald Daniel. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2006. xvi + 365 pp. Notes, bibliography, and index. $55.00 (cloth).
Always rejected by some whites, affirmative action is under increasing attack in the United States. At the same time, affirmative action, though controversial, is expanding in Brazil. To understand these divergent realities, I strongly recommend G. Reginald Daniel's new book, Race and Multiraciality in Brazil and the United States. Daniel has written a timely and impressive study of race, color, identity, and power in the United States and Brazil.	1
Through a sustained comparative historical overview of the two countries, Daniel demonstrates that they have important similarities and differences in their racial hierarchies. The most significant historical similarity concerns the creation of a white supremacist and colonialist racial order based on African slavery. This foundation is the template for all later racial dynamics. The most important differences are the ternary racial project in Brazil and the binary racial project in the United States. Daniel properly emphasizes that the one-drop rule in the United States forced blacks of different complexions and multiracial ancestries to be identified as one collective racial group. On the contrary, Brazilian elites and mass society historically recognized intermediate identities between blacks and whites including morenos, mulatos, mestiços, and pardos.	. . .

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