| Book Review | Environmental History, 8.4

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| Book Review | Environmental History, 8.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Redefining Efficiency: Pollution Concerns, Regulatory Mechanisms, and Technological Change in the U.S. Petroleum Industry. By Hugh S. Gorman. Akron, Ohio: University of Akron Press, 2001. xv + 451 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. Cloth $49.95, paper $39.95.

Until recently, environmental historians produced sophisticated, nuanced studies of government agencies, advocacy groups, and other institutions while paying relatively little attention to the internal and external dynamics that shaped the evolution of the industrial practices that had such a major impact on the environment. The work of scholars such as Christine Rosen, William Cronon, and Craig Colten has begun to change this situation, and in Redefining Efficiency Hugh Gorman makes an important contribution to our understanding of industrial pollution control by examining the environmental practices of an industry central to modern society. Concentrating on the areas of oil field production, the transport of oil through pipelines and tankers, and the refining of petroleum into gasoline and other products, Gorman traces the gradual shift in the United States petroleum industry from pollution-control practices based on a narrowly defined concept of efficiency to a model based on explicit, measurable environmental objectives and an acceptance of government regulations.

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