| Book Review | Environmental History, 8.2

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| Book Review | Environmental History, 8.2 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Concrete and Clay: Reworking Nature in New York City. By Matthew Gandy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002. xi + 344 pp. Illustrations, maps, bibliographical notes, index. $34.95.

In a postmodern analysis of New York City's environmental history that uses a variety of disciplinary approaches, Matthew Gandy explores a series of relationships among nature, cities, and social power that are embedded in American metropolises. Beginning with New York City's rapid growth in the mid-nineteenth century, Gandy examines successive efforts that have been made to alter the role of nature in the city, as well the consequences that changing conceptions of nature have had for political and ideological discourses. He views the 1970s as a breaking point in these environmental arrangements, with the earlier period characterized by stability in the relations among nature, capital, and urban space and by the domination of elites that manipulated the democratic and economic systems to achieve their ends, and with recent decades witnessing more dynamism as environmental justice movements have emerged to challenge the status quo of urban ecology. . . .

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