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| Book Review | Environmental History, 13.4 | The History Cooperative
13.4  
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October, 2008
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Book Review


The Decline of Nature: Environmental History and the Western Worldview. By Gilbert LaFreniere. Bethesda, MD, Dublin, Ireland, and London: Academica Press, 2007. xv + 457 pp. Illustrations, bibliography, and index. Cloth $74.95.

When it was first published in 1918, Oswald Spengler's The Decline of the West provided an intellectual jolt to a German populace stunned by military defeat and financial collapse. In his magnum opus, Spengler summarily dispensed with previous providential and progressive explanations of long-term change, replacing them with a cyclical theory that outlined the assent and decay of the world's great cultures. With his jarring declaration that Faustian (Western) Civilization had reached its historical twilight, Spengler inspired a strain of cultural pessimism (Kulturpessimismus), which would subsequently thrive during the Weimar Republic. 1
      In The Decline of Nature: Environmental History and the Western Worldview, Gilbert F. LaFreniere adopts Spengler's paradigm of cyclical history as a model for synthesizing "an analysis of the meaning of history (i.e., patterns of providence, progress, and cycles) with an environmental history of the Western world (European civilization and its colonies)" (p. xv). Following in Spengler's footsteps, the author attempts to demonstrate the evolution of hubristic attitudes towards nature, which have transformed the "West" into a civilization in decline. . . .

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