| Book Review | Environmental History, 11.3

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| Book Review | Environmental History, 11.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Twilight of the Mammoths: Ice Age Extinctions and the Rewilding of America. By Paul S. Martin. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. 269 pp. Photographs, figures, tables. Cloth $29.95.

After the end of the Last Glaciation from around 12,000 to 8,000 years ago, the fossil record shows the decline and then the extinction of many species of wild animals, particularly large mammals and birds, in the Americas, Eurasia, and Australia. The great question, which has come to be known as the megafaunal debate, has been and remains whether these extinctions were caused by climatic and subsequent environmental changes on their own or whether overhunting by humans contributed to, or was entirely responsible for the extinctions. Since he began research on climatic change in 1956, Paul Martin has been convinced that the primary cause of the extinctions was the impact of human hunters.

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