| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.2

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.2 | The History Cooperative

Francis M. Carroll. The American Presence in Ulster: A Diplomatic History, 1796–1996. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press. 2005. Pp. xi, 281. $29.95.
Francis M. Carroll opens this book with a clear and convincing premise regarding why the subject is important: that is, that between 1796 and 1996 relations flourished between the United States and Ulster, the region of Northern Ireland that in ancient times was an Irish kingdom. Those relations began with the newly independent United States being a major market for goods produced in Ulster, and the fact that by 1796 nearly a half-million Ulstermen had migrated to America. This volume covers the 200 years from 1796, the year when the American consulate first opened in Ulster, to 1996, when U.S. President Bill Clinton sought to move forward the Northern Ireland peace process.	1
Carroll describes at length how Ulster-American relations evolved, including noting that the first Ulstermen arrived in America in 1626, just six years after the Puritans. Ulster emigration to America took off between 1714 and 1720, and at least four Ulstermen were signers of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 (p. 9). The attraction, in Carroll's view, was that in America, whether Catholic or Protestant, once poor and non-Anglican Ulster immigrants could vote, enter various professions including law and the military, and move in high social circles, all of which were denied them in Ireland.	. . .

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