| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.2

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.2 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Nils Gilman. Mandarins of the Future: Modernization Theory in Cold War America. (New Studies in American Intellectual and Cultural History.) Johns Hopkins University Press. 2003. Pp. xi, 329. $48.00.
Although myriad studies assess modernization theory, Nils Gilman's book deepens our understanding of modernity in the context of U.S. intellectual and foreign policy history. His probing analysis concludes that the "tragedy of modernization theory" is that a well-intentioned approach toward the postcolonial world ultimately failed to produce the desired results. Moreover, modernization theory "died without having been replaced by positive alternatives" (p. 20).	1
Gilman claims that modernization theory offered the most explicit and systematic framework in the history of U.S. efforts to foster development and Western orientation in the postcolonial world. The postwar architects of modernization exalted "progress" and became increasingly authoritarian, particularly as Cold War tensions heightened, in their response to challenges offered by competing sources of knowledge.	2
After providing a richly detailed theoretical and historical foundation for modernization theory, Gilman proceeds to assess the worldview of the postwar "mandarins" in three micro-historical chapters. The first focuses on Harvard's Department of Social Relations, followed by a chapter on the Social Science Research Council's Committee on Comparative Politics, while a third chapter analyzes the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Center for International Studies. Gilman follows up with chapters on modernization as "foreign policy doctrine," the "collapse of modernization theory," and a conclusion on the putative failure of successor theories.	. . .

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