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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.2 | The History Cooperative
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April, 2006
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Book Review

Canada and the United States



Francesca Morgan. Women and Patriotism in Jim Crow America. (Gender and American Culture.) Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2005. Pp. xiii, 293. Cloth $59.95, paper $21.95.

This ambitious book contributes to a growing field of "nationalism studies" exemplified by recent works like Cecilia Elizabeth O'Leary's To Die For: The Paradox of American Patriotism (1999). Francesca Morgan compares the ideologies of women's organizations like the Women's Relief Corps (WRC) and Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) with those of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) and of African American women in groups like the National Association of Colored Women (NACW), the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Tracing such varied groups from the 1890s through the New Deal, Morgan focuses on the intersection of race and gender ideologies, ending with the DAR's infamous 1939 decision to bar African American mezzo soprano Marian Anderson from singing at DAR headquarters in Washington, D.C. 1
      In each organization Morgan looks for evidence of "women-centered forms of nationalism" (p. 156). She finds it in the preservation of ordinary artifacts from the past, erection of monuments, promotion of patriotic holidays, and commemoration of "foremothers, as well as forefathers" (p. 5). Women-centered nationalism, she argues, found its strongest foundations in Victorian female moral authority and reached a zenith of public clout in the 1890s, with African American women advancing particularly radical claims for female leadership. Morgan devotes her first chapter to this decade, during which the WRC offered a distinctive cross-racial patriotic model, attracting both white and black women to the work of commemorating Emancipation and defense of the Union. . . .

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