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Book Review
Canada and the United States
| Thad Sitton and James H. Conrad. Freedom Colonies: Independent Black Texans in the Time of Jim Crow. (Jack and Doris Smothers Series in Texas History, Life, and Culture, number 15.) Assisted by Richard Orton. Austin: University of Texas Press. 2005. Pp. 248. Cloth $50.00, paper $19.95.
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| Thad Sitton and James H. Conrad seek to discover how thirty-one percent of African Americans in rural Texas became landowners by 1900. In so doing, they provide a pointed counternarrative to the story of African Americans subjugated to the crop-lien system. While two-thirds of Texas rural blacks failed to gain land, the other side of the account is that almost a third of them did. |
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Steven Hahn and others have shown that freed people very much wanted their own land. In Texas, they attained it at the margins of white settlement: in swampy river bottoms, sandy hillsides, deep pine forests, anywhere Anglos thought the land too infertile or too inaccessible to farm successfully. Sitton and Conrad document the numerous ways in which African American Texans acquired land, including squatting, saving wages, pooling resources with siblings, and following a preacher or an entrepreneur. Some colonies developed in symbiosis with segregated white villages that needed their services. |
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