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Book Review
Canada and the United States
| Linda R. Robertson. The Dream of Civilized Warfare: World War I Flying Aces and the American Imagination. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 2004. Pp. xx, 481. $35.95.
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| By 1917, the war in the trenches was beginning to be viewed with increasing despair as machine-age weapons systematically slaughtered a whole generation of young men in the mud of the Flanders Plain. Only in the heroic duels in the skies above the squalor of the Western Front was there to be found any trace of honor or romance. Here, it was believed, noble young warriors fought their single combats according to the rules of chivalric engagement. In reality, of course, the war in the air was just as vicious and just as bloody as the war on the ground, but in the last years of the war, the image of the air fighter, the heroic lone eagle, was seized upon by the propagandists as a last desperate attempt to ennoble a brutal war and preserve the mythos of the warrior hero in spite of a technology of mass destruction. Manfred von Richthofen, Albert Ball, Eddie Rickenbacker, and the other air fighter "aces" became public figures, powerful symbols that embodied the spirit of their nations. After the Armistice, these notions became embedded in the popular memory of the war, widely disseminated through memoirs, pulp fiction, and Hollywood movies, misleadingly suggesting that even in an industrial age, chivalric forms of warfare could survive, that fighting in the air was different—a better and more civilized way of waging war. |
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