| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 110.5

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 110.5 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Europe: Early Modern and Modern

I. S. Révah. Uriel da Costa et les Marranes de Porto: Cours au Collèe de France, 1966–1972. Edited by Carsten L. Wilke. Paris and Lisbon: Centre Culturel Calouste Gulbenkian. 2004. Pp. 601.
The appearance of this book unlocks the door to the workshop of an exemplary scholar, whose work remains important three decades after his death. From the early 1960s until 1972, I. S. Révah explored the Portuguese archives with relentless dedication, searching for sources that might throw light on the career of the seventeenth-century "heretic" Gabriel (Uriel) da Costa both in his native Portugal and, later, in Hamburg and Amsterdam.	1
Da Costa has long drawn the attention of scholars because of his intellectual odyssey, which led him from Catholicism to (in succession) "marranism" (crypto-Judaism in Iberian lands), Jewish orthodoxy, Jewish heterodoxy, and, finally, deism. His unprecedented journey has intrigued scholars because of what it may reveal about the origins of early modern skepticism and, more broadly, "modernity." Prior to Révah's work, however, the sole source for interpreting this journey was Da Costa's own account of his life, written shortly before his suicide in 1640 and preserved in a possibly corrupted form by the late seventeenth-century Protestant theologian Philip van Limborch. In the absence of other evidence, scholars made use of this account to support a view of Da Costa's career that was largely Da Costa's own construction, and/or reflected their own preconceptions and ideological biases. The image of Da Costa that emerged was that of a lonely intellectual, indifferent to ancestral ties and consistent in his battle against intolerance (whether the intolerance of the Portuguese Inquisition or that of the enforcers of Jewish orthodoxy in Amsterdam).	. . .

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