| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 110.4

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 110.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Vincent J. Cirillo. Bullets and Bacilli: The Spanish-American War and Military Medicine. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. 2004. Pp. xiv, 241. $55.00.
Although the Spanish-American War of 1898 was a quick military victory for the United States, it was a disaster for the Army Medical Department. Typhoid epidemics in the stateside training camps killed hundreds of recruits, and sickness rates in Cuba were so high that the War Department had to evacuate the victorious Fifth Army Corps to Long Island to recuperate. American deaths by disease outnumbered deaths from combat more than seven to one. Poor sanitation, filthy water, typhoid-bearing flies, and mosquitoes carrying yellow fever and malaria turned out to be more deadly than opposing soldiers and weapons. This created a public outcry, which, along with an indignant Congress, a presidential commission, and a break-through scientific study, provide the ingredients for a good story.	1
Vincent J. Cirillo brings thesxe events alive and demonstrates why the Spanish American War was "a little war with big consequences" (p. 1). He puts military medicine center stage, arguing that the typhoid epidemics and the recall of the Fifth Corps were the defining events of the war. The scandals spurred President William McKinley and Surgeon General George Sternberg to appoint separate commissions to investigate what went wrong in the army during a time of exciting new medical advances. These commissions' findings and recommendations prompted much-needed reforms in military medicine and the War Department.	. . .

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