| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 110.4

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 110.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Europe: Early Modern and Modern

Serhy Yekelchyk. Stalin's Empire of Memory: Russian-Ukrainian Relations in the Soviet Historical Imagination. Buffalo, N.Y.: University of Toronto Press. 2004. Pp. xi, 231. $50.00.
The Soviet Union was designed as a nominal federation of nationally named republics, in significant measure to gain the loyalty of Ukrainians to an entity governed from Moscow. During the 1920s, Moscow pursued a policy of "ukrainization," subsidizing Ukrainian culture and promoting ethnic Ukrainians within Soviet Ukraine. This experience marked the generation of writers who are the subjects of Serhy Yekelchyk's subtle and convincing narrative. By 1930, the endorsement of Ukrainian culture was called into question. Some Ukrainian writers were purged for nationalism, others for an overweening Marxism that failed to acknowledge the leading role of Russia. Ironically, Yekelchyk argues, the rise of Russia as the leading nation of the Soviet Union allowed, even required, the creation of a parallel official history for Ukraine.	1
In 1937, as the Great Terror began, Russia was characterized as "the great Russian nation." The rhetoric of class struggle, Yekelchyk argues, was replaced by that of national struggle. Certain groups became "enemy nations." Ukraine was rather a necessary ally. As Poles and Germans were executed in the anticipation of a European war, Soviet Ukrainian intellectuals created a timely Soviet Ukrainian national myth. The Cossack Uprisings of the seventeenth century, the most important event in this myth, revealed the resistance of the Ukrainian masses to Polish gentry and their German hirelings.	. . .

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