| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 110.3

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 110.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Comparative/World

Kenneth C. Barnes. Journey of Hope: The Back-to-Africa Movement in Arkansas in the Late 1800s. (The John Hope Franklin Series in African American History and Culture.) Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2004. Pp. xiv, 268. Cloth $55.00, paper $19.95.

Relying on numerous primary sources and scholarly publications, Kenneth C. Barnes probes why approximately 600 African Americans from Arkansas decided to settle, in the late nineteenth century, in Liberia, a country that had been established by the American Colonization Society (ACS) on the coast of West Africa in 1822. Barnes conceptually and concretely illustrates that although they were motivated by such factors as proto and even classical black nationalisms, black Arkansans were mainly forced to emigrate to Liberia by whites' oppression in the forms of lynching, Jim Crow regulations, Ku Klux Klan actions, and, above all, their worsening social, economic, and political condition in late nineteenth-century America.

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