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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 109.5 | The History Cooperative
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December, 2004
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Book Review

Canada and the United States



Mark Oppenheimer. Knocking on Heaven's Door: American Religion in the Age of Counterculture. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2003. Pp. ix, 284. $30.00.

Unquestionably, the counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s had an impact on American religion, but how are we to describe it? Historians and sociologists usually view the populist movements of those years in one of two ways: either through a romantic lens, seeing a flowering of personal spirituality and anti-institutionalism with deep American roots leading to a reconfigured set of religious sensibilities, or as an excess of self-indulgence and social protest that, in the end, spawned a conservative backlash and ushered in a new era of cultural wars. Mark Oppenheimer's argument is neither of these and thus refreshingly welcome. 1
      Speaking to the first of these arguments, the author thoroughly resists any notion of a radical shift in consciousness undermining the existing religious base. There was no major turn to Eastern religions at the time. Nor was there a massive dropping away from mainstream denominations. Speaking to the second, his view is that the paradigm of culture wars presumes that political activism is the organizing principle in American religious life, which makes it too limiting. The paradigm looks upon religious change as a zero-sum game, with some groups always winning and others inevitably losing. With respect to both arguments, Oppenheimer's critiques are supported by considerable evidence, much of which he documents. . . .

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