| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 109.5

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 109.5 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Wilma A. Dunaway. Slavery in the American Mountain South. (Studies in Modern Capitalism.) New York: Cambridge University Press. 2003. Pp. xi, 352. Cloth $70.00, paper $25.00.

Slavery does not fit our traditional image of antebellum Appalachia. Self-sufficient farmers tilling the fields of isolated hills and hollows would have had little use for bound labor, it would seem. That left the mountains with a scattering of slaves, a regional anomaly that historians could cite when describing the diversity and divisions of "the Old South." Wilma A. Dunaway challenges that notion of Appalachian isolation and self-sufficiency as she turns a sharp eye toward the African-American and Native American slaves who labored in the mountain counties of nine states stretching from Maryland to Alabama. Building on of her first book, The First American Frontier: Transition to Capitalism in Southern Appalachia, 1700–1860 (1996), Dunaway locates the mountain South on the periphery of a rapidly expanding capitalist world system. Far from being isolated, residents of southern Appalachia shipped a wide range of agricultural and extractive goods to distant markets and utilized a variety of forms of labor, from landless tenants and wageworkers to slaves. African Americans made up only fifteen percent of the total population of Appalachia in 1860 but comprised almost one-third of the workforce and were vital to the economic development of the region. Using a statistical database of 26,000 households and extensive research in the Works Progress Administration (WPA) slave narratives and other qualitative sources, Dunaway explores slave work, family, community, and resistance as well as white efforts to control their bound labor force.

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