| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 109.3

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 109.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Europe: Early Modern and Modern

David L. Hoffmann. Stalinist Values: The Cultural Norms of Soviet Modernity, 1917–1941. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 2003. Pp. xiii, 247. Cloth $47.50, paper $18.95.

In this monograph, David L. Hoffmann provides a new cultural framework for understanding Soviet history during the interwar period. There is a venerable scholarly tradition that sees Stalinism as a betrayal of revolutionary socialist principles. Leon Trotsky was the first to accuse Joseph Stalin of presiding over a Soviet Thermidor and to charge that the Stalinist bureaucracy had become a parasitical class that used traditional values to confirm its power and prestige. Nicholas S. Timasheff, arguing from a nonsocialist perspective, hailed the cultural conservatism of the 1930s as a return to Russia's "normal" course of development. But subsequently, the question of Stalinist culture fell into disfavor, and historians focused increasingly on the nature of Stalinist terror, the pathologies of Stalin and his cohort, and, more intriguingly, the possibilities of social mobility and support for state policies in what had hitherto appeared to be a totalitarian society.

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