| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 109.1

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 109.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

J. Douglas Smith. Managing White Supremacy: Race, Politics, and Citizenship in Jim Crow Virginia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2002. Pp. xiv, 411. Cloth $55.00, paper $19.95.
This richly detailed study of the "management" of white supremacy in Virginia is a welcome addition to our understanding of the sometimes befuddling race relations in the early twentieth century. Near the beginning of that century W. E. B. Du Bois predicted that race would loom large, and toward its end Cornel West reminded us that race still mattered. J. Douglas Smith's examination of the period between the world wars rests on the same premise. The emphasis of this study is on the ways "elite" whites tried to control or manage their domination of Virginia society.	1
Smith's work is compelling, but it is not without limits or without flaws. I was puzzled, for instance, by his use of the notion of "elite(s)." There is no coherent definition of the concept. Sometimes we are left with a suspicion that it refers to the FFV (First Families of Virginia), sometimes it seems to refer to the propertied and politically active white leadership, and sometimes to leaders of Virginia's business community. What it did not include was "working and lower-class whites" who had to compete with blacks for "jobs, housing, and seats on buses." Blacks, Smith contends, "openly rejected" the "paternalistic bargain central to managed race relations" (p. 5). The bargain was that, in exchange for total deference, white paternalists would provide a minimal level of basic services, some economic uplift, and a rejection of violence.	. . .

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