| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 109.1

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 109.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Comparative/World

Aviel Roshwald. Ethnic Nationalism and the Fall of Empires: Central Europe, Russia and the Middle East, 1914–1923. New York: Routledge. 2001. Pp. x, 273. $27.95.

This elegant and impressive work of synthesis focusses on a span of only nine years, from 1914 to 1923, but Aviel Roshwald convincingly argues that this brief time was a "critical watershed in the evolution of a significant number of contemporary nationalisms" (p. 1), with reverberations still felt today. World War I, the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian, Russian, and Ottoman multinational empires, and the postwar establishment of independent national states forced the crystalization of different ethnic identities and nationalist projects across Central Europe, Russia, and the Middle East, under the rubric of the Wilsonian idea of "national self-determination." Roshwald argues that the radically compressed time in which these transformations took place was of the essence, as sudden independence immediately presented urgent questions concerning national identity, borders, sovereignty, bases of political belonging and participation, as well as the status of minorities. While many theories of nationalism focus on abstract, lengthier stages of evolutionary modernization, this study seeks "to bridge the analytical gap between the monographic and theoretical literatures by adopting a broadly comparative approach" (p. 3) to the sudden revolutionary crises of national independence in the wake of total war.

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