| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 109.1

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 109.1 | The History Cooperative

Claire E. Nolte. The Sokol in the Czech Lands to 1914: Training for the Nation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2002. Pp. x, 258. $65.00.
Beginning in 1955, the communist authorities in Czechoslovakia every five years held a gymnastics festival they called Spartakiada, designed to replace in the public mind the precommunist Sokol festivals, called Slets, the first of which had taken place in 1882. Sokol (Falcon), patterned on the German Turnverein that emerged as a response to Napoleonic triumphs, was, says Claire E. Nolte in this survey of its pre-World War I history, an organization crucial to the development of Czech mass nationalism.	1
Although we have had histories of some of the political parties and ethnic groups in the Czech lands, as well as a monograph on the Czech national theater, another iconic institution in the evolution of Czech national identity, this is the first English-language scholarly study of the Sokol. A fine introduction and first chapter make the book accessible to specialists in European history by placing the Sokol in the context of the development of European national identities generally and by comparing it to the model of the Turnverein.	. . .

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